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Talmud

נזיר ל״ה א

Nazir 35a

Hebrew

כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁפָּרַט לְךָ בְּנָזִיר ״מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְעַד זָג״. וּלְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה דְּקָא מוֹקֵים לְהַאי ״מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְעַד זָג״ לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינוֹ חַיָּיב עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל שְׁנֵי חַרְצַנִּים וְזַג, פְּרָטָא מְנָא לֵיהּ! סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר דְּדָרֵישׁ מִיעֵט וְרִיבָּה. וְאִי בָּעֵית אֵימָא כְּרַבָּנַן, דְּאִי סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ כִּדְאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, לִיכְתְּבֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא לְהַאי ״מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְעַד זָג״ גַּבֵּי פְּרָטֵי, לְמַאי הִלְכְתָא כַּתְבֵיהּ בָּתַר כְּלָל? שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ לְמֵידַּיְינֵיהּ בִּכְלָל וּפְרָט. וְאֵימָא כּוּלֵּיהּ לְהָכִי הוּא דַּאֲתָא! אִם כֵּן לִכְתּוֹב אוֹ שְׁנֵי חַרְצַנִּים, אוֹ שְׁנֵי זַגִּים, אוֹ חַרְצַן וְזָג. לְמַאי הִלְכְתָא כְּתַב רַחֲמָנָא ״מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְעַד זָג״? שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ לְמִידְרַשׁ בֵּיהּ כְּלָל וּפְרָט, וְאִיכָּא נָמֵי לְמִידְרַשׁ בֵּיהּ: עַד שֶׁיֹּאכַל שְׁנֵי חַרְצַנִּים וְזָג. וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר דְּדָרֵישׁ מִיעֵט וְרִיבָּה, פְּרָט וּכְלָל וּפְרָט מְנָא לֵיהּ? אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ, נָפְקָא לֵיהּ מֵהַאי קְרָא: ״וְכִי יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ חֲמוֹר אוֹ שׁוֹר אוֹ שֶׂה״ — פָּרַט, ״וְכׇל בְּהֵמָה״ — כָּלַל, ״לִשְׁמוֹר״ — חָזַר וּפָרַט. פְּרָט וּכְלָל וּפְרָט, אִי אַתָּה דָן אֶלָּא כְעֵין הַפְּרָט. רָבָא אָמַר: נָפְקָא לֵיהּ מֵהַאי קְרָא: ״וְאִם מִן״ — פָּרַט. ״הַצֹּאן״ — כָּלַל, ״כְּבָשִׁים וְעִזִּים״ — חָזַר וּפָרַט, פְּרָט וּכְלָל וּפָרַט, אִי אַתָּה דָן אֶלָּא כְעֵין הַפְּרָט. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב יְהוּדָה מִדִּיסְקַרְתָּא לְרָבָא, וְלֵילַף מִן הָדֵין קְרָא: ״מִן״ — פָּרַט, ״הַבְּהֵמָה״ — כָּלַל, ״בָּקָר וָצֹאן״ — חָזַר וּפָרַט. פְּרָט וּכְלָל וּפְרָט, אִי אַתָּה דָן אֶלָּא כְעֵין הַפְּרָט. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מִן הַאי לֵיכָּא לְמִשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ, דְּאִי מֵהָתָם, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא: ״הַבְּהֵמָה״ —

English Translation

in the manner that it specified with regard to a nazirite: “From pits to grape skin” (Numbers 6:4). The Gemara asks: And according to the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, who establishes this verse: “From pits to grape skin” (Numbers 6:4), as serving to say that a nazirite is liable only if he eats two grape seeds and a grape skin, if so from where does he derive the detail? It is unclear how he applies this method of a detail, a generalization, and a detail, as according to his interpretation, the phrase “from pits to grape skin” does not serve to limit the previous generalization but to state a different halakha. The Gemara answers: Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar, who interprets this by saying that a verse restricts and amplifies. And if you wish, say instead that Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis that this is a case of a detail, a generalization, and a detail. As, if it should enter your mind that the verse is merely teaching that which was stated by Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, let the Merciful One write this phrase: “From pits to grape skin,” alongside the other details of wine and vinegar. For what halakha did the Torah write: “From pits to grape skin,” after the generalization? Conclude from it that you should derive this halakha by means of the method of a generalization and a detail. The Gemara asks: But if so, you can say that the entire phrase comes only for this purpose, for a generalization and a detail, and Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya should not derive his halakha, that a nazirite is liable only if he eats two grape seeds and a grape skin, from this verse at all. The Gemara answers that Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya would say: If so, let the Torah write either two grape seeds and two grape skins, with both terms in the plural, or a grape seed and a grape skin, with both terms in the singular. For what halakha did the Merciful One write: “From pits to grape skin”? Learn from it that one should interpret it in the manner of a generalization and a detail, and one can also interpret from it that a nazirite is liable only if he eats two grape seeds and a grape skin. The Gemara asks: And Rabbi Elazar, who interprets by the method of restriction and amplification that even tendrils and the leaves of a grapevine are included in the prohibition, from where does he derive the method of a detail, a generalization, and a detail? Rabbi Abbahu says: He derives it from this verse, which deals with a bailee: “And if a man deliver to his neighbor a donkey, or an ox, or a sheep, or any animal to guard, and it dies…the oath of the Lord shall be between them both” (Exodus 22:9). The phrase “a donkey, or an ox, or a sheep” is a detail; “or any animal” is a generalization that includes all animals; and in the phrase “to guard” the Torah detailed again. This is a detail, and a generalization, and a detail. In this case, you may deduce that the verse is referring only to items similar to the detail; i.e., items that can be guarded. Rava said: Rabbi Elazar derives the method of a detail, a generalization, and a detail from this verse: “And if his offering is from the flock, whether of the sheep or of the goats, for a burnt-offering, he shall offer it a male without blemish” (Leviticus 1:10). The phrase “and if his offering is from” is a detail, as it indicates part but not all of something, “the flock” is a generalization that includes animals that have been used sinfully, and when it stated: “Sheep,” and: “Goats,” the Torah has detailed again. This is a detail, and a generalization, and a detail, and therefore you may deduce that the verse is referring only to items similar to the detail. The details teach that only animals that copulated with a person may not be brought as offerings. Rav Yehuda of Diskarta said to Rava: And let Rabbi Elazar derive the method of a detail, a generalization, and a detail from this earlier verse, which appears in the same chapter: “From animals, from the herd or from the flock, you shall bring your offering” (Leviticus 1:2), in the following manner: “From” is a detail that excludes an undomesticated animal; “animals” is a generalization which includes undomesticated animals (see Deuteronomy, chapter 14); and when it states: “Herd,” and: “Flock,” the Torah has detailed again. This is a detail, and a generalization, and a detail, and therefore you may deduce that the verse is referring only to items similar to the detail, i.e., domesticated animals. Rava said to Rav Yehuda of Diskarta: One cannot derive the method of a detail, a generalization, and a detail from this verse, as if the source were from there, I would say the phrase “animals”

About This Text

Source

Nazir

Category

Talmud

Reference

Nazir 35a

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